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Wolf, Paul G.; Rowe, Carol A.; Kinosian, Sylvia P.; Der, Joshua P.; Lockhart, Peter J.; Shepherd, Lara D.; McLenachan, Patricia A.; Thomson, John A.(
, American Journal of Botany)
Premise
Spore‐bearing plants are capable of dispersing very long distances. However, it is not known if gene flow can prevent genetic divergence in widely distributed taxa. Here we address this issue, and examine systematic relationships at a global geographic scale for the fern genusPteridium.
Methods
We sampled plants from 100 localities worldwide, and generated nucleotide data from four nuclear genes and two plastid regions. We also examined 2801 single nucleotide polymorphisms detected by a restriction site‐associatedDNAapproach.
Results
We found evidence for two distinct diploid species and two allotetraploids between them. The “northern” species (Pteridium aquilinum) has distinct groups at the continental scale (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America). The northern European subspeciespinetorumappears to involve admixture among all of these. A sample from the Hawaiian Islands contained elements of both North American and AsianP. aquilinum. The “southern” species,P. esculentum, shows little genetic differentiation between South American and Australian samples. Components of African genotypes are detected on all continents.
Conclusions
We find evidence of distinct continental‐scale genetic differentiation inPteridium. However, on top of this is a clear signal of recent hybridization. Thus, spore‐bearing plants are clearly capable of extensive long‐distance gene flow; yet appear to have differentiated genetically at the continental scale. Either gene flow in the past was at a reduced level, or vicariance is possible even in the face of long‐distance gene flow.
Leebens-Mack, James H; Barker, Michael S; Carpenter, Eric J; Deyholos, Michael K; Gitzendanner, Matthew A; Graham, Sean W; Grosse, Ivo; Li, Zheng; Melkonian, Michael; Mirarab, Siavash; et al(
, Nature)
Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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